Erik Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development - 929 Words

Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development explains how the human identity develops and evolves in eight stages from birth to death. Each one occurs in a predetermined order; the current stage builds upon the previous one and lays the groundwork for future stages (Wikimedia). Each stage has a specific â€Å"crisis† or conflict, a turning point in the individual’s life which must be reconciled before moving on to the next. If the conflict is handled well, the individual gains â€Å"ego strength† in the form of a corresponding virtue. If the conflict is handled poorly, the individual not only fails to develop that virtue, but his/her ability to complete later stages is hindered resulting in diminished â€Å"ego quality† or†¦show more content†¦I could see that I was spiraling into a deep depression, but I still cared enough to willingly relinquish the job that I had worked so hard to achieve, thus giving up on the bat tle of generativity vs. stagnation with neither a positive nor negative reconciliation. Rather than proceeding to the next stage, I was pushed back to intimacy vs. isolation, only this time I chose isolation. Even while surrounded by friends and family trying to console me, I had never felt more alone. I was surprised when their sympathy turned into impatience. When it took more than a few weeks for me to â€Å"get over it,† I was labeled a complainer. I quickly realized that no one truly understood what it was like to lose the one person in their life whom they are closest to. I became socially withdrawn, only speaking to a select few for fear of being an inconvenience. A few weeks later I was diagnosed with a rare neurological disability, further perpetuating my isolation. Somehow, I’ve convinced myself to pick up the pieces of my shattered life and move on because I know deep down that’s what Chad would have wanted me to do. It’s been over a year since the accident yet I still can’t imagine myself remarrying or even dating again. Unable to work, too young to be a widower, too hurt to start over; I’m trapped between the person society expects me to be and the person I have become. Writing this essay has helped me understand that before I canShow MoreRelated Erik Eriksons Theories of Psychosocial Development Regarding Aging and Development673 Words   |  3 PagesErik Erikson’s theories of development are among some of the best-known theories regarding aging and developing. Erikson divided the stages of life into eight categories: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. Each stage offers its unique age frame and focus. Trust vs. mistrust happens between birth and 18 months of age. During this time, babiesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreEarly Childhood Psychosocial Development Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages The development starts from infant until old age. Childhood is a time of tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. These developmental changes may be influenced by genetic factor, environment factor and maturation factor. There are three types of human development changes: physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Our group member’s choice is psychosocial developmentRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreIndustry Vs Inferiority Or Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory And Self-Adolency1444 Words   |  6 Pagesmore complete in describing what it takes for the grade school child to devel op mastery and competence, Erik Erikson Industry versus inferiority or Albert Bandura social learning theory and self-efficacy. Industry vs inferiority is stage four of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., being athletic) thenRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 Pag esErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed the

Is Integrity A Good Reputation - 1249 Words

Anyone who has been to first grade or a Sunday-school class knows that integrity is â€Å"doing the right thing when nobody else is watching.† It is a simple explanation for a supremely important and difficult to define concept. Integrity is not something that comes naturally to everyone, but it is one of the most valuable attributes that others can perceive in you. If you break the trust created by having integrity, just like a good reputation, it will take a long time to rebuild it to a serviceable level. The adage above is simple and easily understood, but it does not fully explain the concept of integrity. Let us look at a couple of case studies we discussed this semester and see if we are able to craft a better and more refined†¦show more content†¦In the interviews we watched with him he appeared calm and content with his situation. He knew he made a mistake and he owned up to it. It was a tragic error yes, and he knows that, but he also knew that it coul d have happened to anyone else in his place and he owned it. He ultimately lost his license to practice engineering and his firm suffered severe economic penalties, but he did not refuse to accept it. He owned his error and he earned my respect for it. Jumping forward quite a bit in the semester we come to the case of the BP oil spill and the fate of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig. The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig was exploring a potential oil well far out in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 when several problems occurred and the rig ultimately exploded, and the well at the ocean floor failed and began spilling millions of barrel of oil into the Gulf, causing large scale ecological and economical damage to the states on the Gulf. The BP oil spill was the result of â€Å"gross negligence† according to a federal judge and many warning signs went unseen or unacted upon. The drilling of underwater oil and gas wells is by no means an exact science, but BP and the contractors carrying out the work ignored several red flags and excused those they did not outright disregard. The two most implicating points, from an integrity point of view that is, are these: †¢ BP went back and changed some initial design

Management Fundamentals

Question: Discuss about the importance of team management in international management. Answer: Part 1 Team work is very important for a business. In the case of international business, interaction within the employees is very important as it is the pillar of efficient teamwork. Efficient teamwork is the key to organizational success in global business (Turner 2012). In this paper the team management would be discussed which is required for managing team in an international project. In this context, some management theories would be discussed here which are important for managing international and diverse team. In addition, the reason for which these theories are important in international management would also be discussed here. In this paper, the Maslows hierarchy of needs theory would be discussed along with the necessity of the managers to know about this theory. In an international team, there are different kinds of team members with different culture, beliefs, values and perception. Therefore, the leader or manager should motivate the team mates to work in a group. This theory was established by Abraham Maslow in 1943 (Boussebaa et al. 2012). This theory highlights the basic needs of the employees for being motivated and work as a team. The needs have been arranged in a form of hierarchy. At the base of the hierarchy, there are the basic physiological needs, then the safety needs, love and belonging or social needs, self esteem, self actualization. It has been revealed that in an international team, there can be team members from various age group and their perceptions and values would not be similar (Sung and Choi 2012). Thus, this theory states that the manager or team leader should give the team memb ers to grow from the beginning level to understand how to adjust with other team members to work successfully in a team. Here, providing the basic psychological needs is the primary responsibility of the team leader which would encourage the employees to reach the next level (Deresky and Christopher 2011). In the next level, the employees would be provided with safety needs. In this stage, the team leaders would help to achieve team work skills and would provide the safety needs. Once the team members feel safe, they would be encouraged to participate in the teamwork with more efficiency. It would also help to reduce the level of internal tea, conflicts within the team members. In the next stage, they would be provided with social support, needs related to love and belonging (Bhabha 2012). The team leader would attempt to build a positive and trustworthy relationship with the team member who would allow the employees to share their values and beliefs with the team leader and others team member, it would help to build the team strength and reduce the onset of team conflicts. In the next step, the self esteem of the team mates would be enhanced through proper guidance (Christopher 2012). One of the important aspects in international team management is managing change implementation. It i s because, some people might resist change and others may support the change. Thus, through effective mentoring, their self-esteem could be enhanced and with enhanced self-confidence, the team mates would have more confidence to accept change in the organizational context (Cascio 2012). Finally, to work in a diverse team, the self actualization is very important which is at the top of this hierarchical theory. Motivation would lead to this step, when people would be able to explore their internal strength and competencies, therefore, they would be able to manage the internal conflicts (Lientz and Rea 2012). Mary Parker Follett was a social worker as well as political theorist who was known as the pioneer of management theories. In her organizational theory, she pioneered the understanding of lateral processes in a hierarchical firm (Well et al. 2012). She discussed the importance of informal processes in the organization and promoted the perspective of authority of expertise. In her management theory, she advocated the pull approach in spite of a push approach to the employees. She showed the difference between power over and power with (Berry and Bell 2012). While discussing about her management theory, she depicted the insightful perspectives on negotiation, power sharing and conflict resolution for shaping the modern management theories (Motohashi 2012). The Mary Parker Follett Theory of Management is marked by some principles which are as follows: The conflict resolution via integration usually results in a win-win position. Here integration is referred to the identification and achievement of compatible needs of each respective party, as opposed to attempt to achieve the frequent-incompatible expressed desire of each party. In the sub-theory, Mary Parker Follett leadership theory, the genuine power is highlighted as coactive in spite being coercive. According the Folletts theory, true leaders establish group power, in spite of expressing or exploiting personal power. While implementing Mary Parker Folletts theory in managing an international team, there are various types of online tools available which would help to gain more in-depth awareness about this theory and related principles, based on which the internal steps could be taken (Lemaire et al. 2012). The leadership theory depicts the importance of group dynamics and the features required in a group. According to this theory, the approach of power with would be applied in the group in spite of power over. IT would help the employees to explore and share their power in management functions done by the group (Daly et al. 2012). In addition, while implementing the Mary Parker Folletts theory for conflict resolution, integrating employees needs in the conflict situation would lead to a win-win situation (Jormanainen and Koveshnikov 2012). According to this theory, the power sharing of the team members along with the leader would help the team to perform in a systematic manner which would help to gain success more rapidly and the perception, authority of expertise would be followed as a result of power sharing which would help the team members to identify their area of expertise which would be explored at the right time and right place for improving the teams performance (Menz 2012). Part 2 Managing an international team is quite difficult, as here we need to manage different types of people, who have diverse cultural and social background. Thus, the cross cultural conflicts may arise. While managing the team, the team leader should motivate them. Two most sensitive areas in a team which are the common concern of team leaders or managers are managing communication and cultural diversity within the team mates. In a cross cultural or international team, as a manager, we should interact with the team members through the provision of a supportive environment. While working as a leader of a team, I have dealt with people from different age group, someone from 25 years age and someone from 45 years old age group. In this context, I have seen that difficult behavior of one team met can affect the productivity of the entire group. One of the major issues which I have faced was the inappropriate communication within the team mates. The 25 years old young team mate did not suppor t the ideas provided by the 45 years old middle age woman. In addition, the 25 years old young man was so arrogant and used to be his own boss in spite of interacting with others. The other team members also reported to me about his inadequate behavior. In this context, I used my problem solving skills and arranged a face to face meeting with them individually. While talking with the individual, I allowed him to tell and listen to his problem with positive facial expression. He highlighted that he is not comfortable with others from different age group as they have different types of thinking. I attempted to politely make him understand that why he needs to cooperate with team mate from other age group. Then assured him that with his positive response in the team, he would be rewarded. It promoted him to enhance his interaction with others, once he started to interact with others, it became easier for him to work with his team mates and I assessed that it also enhanced our teams productivity significantly. Another difficult area to manage the team was the cultural diversity of a team. I have worked with a Japanese man who was 35 years old. While implementing change in the organization, he was always against the change. As the Japanese management culture support slow process of decision making, he was not familiar with quick decision making and change process. In this context, i heard that he was having clash with others in the team regarding the thought process. Therefore, on the basis of my critical thinking skills, I arranged a training program, for him which would help him to adapt in different corporate environment. The result led to enhanced interaction with others and enhanced team performance. Reference List Berry, D.P. and Bell, M.P., 2012. Expatriates: gender, race and class distinctions in international management.Gender, Work Organization,19(1), pp.10-28. Bhabha, J., 2012, March. Talking the Talk and Walking the Walk: International Management, Human Rights, and Domestic Politics. InASIL Annual Meeting Proceedings(Vol. 106, pp. 61-65). American Society for International Law. Boussebaa, M., Morgan, G. and Sturdy, A., 2012. Constructing global firms? National, transnational and neocolonial effects in international management consultancies.Organization Studies,33(4), pp.465-486. Cascio, W.F., 2012. Methodological issues in international HR management research.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(12), pp.2532-2545. Christopher, E.M., 2012.International management: explorations across cultures. Kogan Page Publishers. Daly, P.S., White, M.M., Zisk, D.S. and Cavazos, D.E., 2012. Problem-based teaching in international management: A political/economic risk assessment exercise.Journal of Teaching in International Business,23(4), pp.260-276. Deresky, H. and Christopher, E., 2011.International management: Managing cultural diversity. Pearson Higher Education AU. Jormanainen, I. and Koveshnikov, P.C.A., 2012. International activities of emerging market firms.Management International Review,52(5), pp.691-725. Lemaire, J.P., Mayrhofer, U. and Milliot, E., 2012. Challenges of International Management on the Dawn of the 21st Century. In38th Annual EIBA (European International Business Academy) Conference(pp. 1-23). Lientz, B. and Rea, K., 2012.International project management. Routledge. Menz, M., 2012. Functional Top Management Team Members A Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda.Journal of Management,38(1), pp.45-80. Motohashi, K., 2012. Growing RD in Emerging Economies: Implications for International Management and Competitiveness.International Journal of Global Business and Competitiveness,7(1), pp.13-19. Sung, S.Y. and Choi, J.N., 2012. Effects of team knowledge management on the creativity and financial performance of organizational teams.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,118(1), pp.4-13. Turner, R., 2012. International Journal of Project Management, Editorial January 2012.International Journal of Project Management,30(1), p.1. Well, E., First, F., it Out, W. and Training, C.B., 2012. Multidisciplinary team management leads to better outcomes.Cancer Nursing Practice,11(6).

Student Athlete Drug Testing Essay Example For Students

Student Athlete Drug Testing Essay By: jen laver E-mail: emailprotected Introduction Industry Precision Machine Tool is a machine tool company that primarily manufactures for the automobile industry. The machine tool industry is self-sufficient in that they use their resources to manufacture products; that is, they use their own tools. Precision Machine tool uses big machines to build parts for lathes, which are sold in the automobile industry for use in factories. Precision has always had a reputation of quality, though it has declined because of aging technology and machines. The aging of the technology is because of a decline in their capital caused by a recession in the automotive industry. During the late 1970s, the American automotive industry was at its apex. Americans fell behind during this boom because of inadequate production capacity. The Japanese had identified the machine industry as a growing industry and invested in modernization of technology. Consequently, Japanese technology was better and costs wer e lower. When a recession hit in 1980-1981, American firms had little capital to invest, and thus could not modernize their equipment. The industries that are going to survive in the future are those that have the most efficient computerized operations and that produce the cheapest, most reliable products. The Japanese have this edge and the American machine tool manufacturers are reluctant to change their ideologies of buying only American made products. John Garner and Tom Avery created precision Machine Tool. John Garner is the president of Precision Machine Tool, and is a financial conservative. He prefers to invest in the company using only its profits. Tom Avery is an expert tool design engineer. He is in charge of the manufacturing and management end of the business. Both men are very critical of selling out to the Japanese and want to keep Precision American. Equipment One of the main problems plaguing Precision is the aging of its technology and equipment. Precision had lit tle or no capital after the recession to invest in new equipment. Sixty percent of its equipment is outdated, some over twenty years. These old machines lack quality and because of this lack, Precision is losing orders. To try to stop this slide in quality, Precision purchased a new machine from the Suzuki corporation. But even with the new machine, Precisions costs are higher and quality is lower. This causes profits to be lost which causes employment to be affected. Precisions employment is down twenty-two percent, and with little or no chance of quality improving, these numbers are in danger of dropping even more. Foreign Competition Precision also has to deal with an increase in foreign competition. During the recession, Japan had noticed a potential for growth in the automotive industry and had invested in modernization. Now they have the technology and equipment necessary to keep up with quality and price demands. With the voluntary quota system now expired, Japan is looking t o increase its amount of exports to the United States. Japanese goods are cheaper and of better quality and domestic firms cannot compete with them. Many domestic firms had been forced to become subsidiaries of Japanese firms, basically becoming distributors for Japanese products. Japan had also occasionally acquired domestic firms. This Japanese plan to acquire US firms is the current dilemma of Precision Machine Tool. Current Dilemma Mr. Ako Wang with Suzuki Machines has just contacted the owners of Precision Machine Tool, and an offer has been made by the Japanese to buy. Garner and Avery are now forced to take a hard look at the situation that Precision is in. Precisions machines are aging; sixty percent of the machines are old, some twenty years or more. Their sales are down thirty percent; orders are rejected because of a lack of quality and high production costs. Employment at Precision has also been hit hard, down twenty-two percent. Precision is not able to compete with for eign imports in price, nor in quality. This, of course, is because they have remained victims of the automotive industry recession. Garner and Avery have to make an educated decision as to what is best for Precision in the present and future. Problems Foreign competition and foreign technologies pose a serious threat both to the machine tool industry in the US and to the future of domestic manufacturing. Within Precision Machine Tool, there are several issues that need to be addressed in order for the company to continue. Precision has to modify its current attitudes and behaviors in order to remain in the automotive tool industry. Personal Issues Precisions owners have an attitude of ethnocentrismthey want the company to remain American. They refuse to work with the Japanese or sell out to the Japanese. Garner and Avery stated that they would rather go bankrupt than give in. They have already been forced to buy one Japanese machine; a major decision against their personal beliefs. Both men feel that American technology is superior to Japanese technology. They are not willing to compromise and work with the Japanese to better Precision. They are resistant to changing their personal attitudes against foreign manufacturing. They realize that they cannot remain in the situation that they are in now, yet they do not want to make any drastic changes. They no longer are thinking about what is best for the company in a financial sense. They are allowing their emotions to control their decisions. Economic Issues Garner and Avery also have to deal with the issue of economics. Precision Tools is having a great deal of trouble keeping up with the Japanese industry. Precision no longer fits in with the current needs of the automotive industry. They no longer fit in with the current automotive environment. Automotive industries will not Word Count: 940 .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 , .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .postImageUrl , .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 , .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:hover , .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:visited , .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:active { border:0!important; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:active , .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2 .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5edb541745859efebc6ffaabe83ca3d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Childhood Obesity (2110 words) Essay We will write a custom essay on Student Athlete Drug Testing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now