Black People and Young Black Man Essay Example for Free

Black People and Young Black Man Essay The narrator 1. Who is the narrator and what is the narrator’s attitude towards white Afrikaner ruling party, to blacks, and to Europeans? 2. What do these attitudes tell us about why people are divided in South Africa and in our larger world, maybe regardless of race? Van der Vyver 1. What does the action of his crying in the police station suggest to us? Are you surprised by this reaction—why or why not? Does this make him more likable—why or why not? 2. What do we learn about him by his action at the funeral? 3. What does it show us in the description â€Å"he does not let her clothing, or that of anyone else gathered closely make contact with him’ (2578). How does this moment contrast with â€Å"The farmer carried him in his arms, to the truck. He was sure, sure he could not be dead. But the young black man’s blood was all over the farmer’s clothes, soaking against his flesh as he drove† (2578)? What do we learn about Van der Vyver? The moment 1. What exactly was the moment like for Lucas and Van der Vyver before the gun went off? What does this say about their relationship? (2578) 2. Why is this moment compared to the moment that he and Lucas’s mom share at the funeral? What does it suggest to us about their relationship? (2577) To close: 1. In what way is this story about difference? About misconception? 2. What is the more tragic element of this short story in your mind?

Sports And Money :: essays research papers

Anywhere you look today you can see Mark McGwire hitting a home run, or Kobe Bryant dunking over someone. Every time someone watches television or reads a newspaper these, and many other, athletes can be found. Professional sports are all around us; they're a part of our culture. But, in the last few decades some changes have started to take place. As the popularity of professional athletics has increased, so has the cost to render them and their players' salaries. Many of the contracts signed today are for millions of dollars. This is unreasonably exorbitant for doing something gaiety. These days sports are centered around money and not focused on the love for the game and entertaining the fans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some economists argue the point that major league sports, their products, players, and stadiums endow millions of dollars to our economy. This is true, but the 'fine print'; that goes along with it is often overlooked. Stadiums, for example, cost millions of dollars to build, maintain, etc. The funds to do this are provided by the tax paying citizens of that city. Many teams then, in return, relocate to other cities in search of more money and better facilities. This is no way to reward fans for years of loyal support. There are many programs, scholarships, foundations, etc. formed by many players and organizations though. These are good ways to give back to the communities that sustain them and use their grand salaries in a nice, resourceful manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now the major appeal of playing in the 'big leagues'; is landing big contracts and getting endorsements; instead of a higher, superior level of competition. A prime example of this is Elton Brand, who bypassed his junior and senior year at Duke to go directly to the NBA. Another athlete looking for a big paycheck is Kevin Brown, who recently signed a $105 million dollar contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. This is an outrageous remuneration for someone that plays a game. Not only are athletes overpaid, many ignore the rules of etiquette that come along with being in the major leagues.

The History Of Why Photovoltaics Environmental Sciences Essay

Energy security is one of the major challenges confronting world in the twenty-first century. It has been cited that about 20 % of the planetary population do non hold entree to electricity [ 1 ] . In add-on, it is predicted that the planetary ingestion of electricity will increase by about 50 % by 2035 [ 2 ] . For a sustainable hereafter, fulfilling the demand for energy should be accompanied with the decrease of CO2 emanations [ 3 ] by energy systems. Consequently, this brings about concerns in sing fossil fuels based systems as an option for fulfilling the turning energy demand. Renewable energy beginnings have been considered as being the solution for this uprising energy demand. Of recent, these systems have gained a batch of popularity and the energy coevals from renewables have been predicted to duplicate from 2010 to 2035 [ 2 ] . Harmonizing to some anticipations, renewables have the potency of catering for about one tierce of entire planetary electricity coevals by 2035 [ 1 ] . Photovoltaics ( PV ) is a rapid-growing market in the field of renewable energy, and this tendency is expected to go on in the close hereafter [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . Solar Energy is the most abundant and most every bit distributed renewable energy beginning worldwide. As such, PV can be considered as a major and the most promising renewable energy beginning. The advantages of PV over the conventional energy beginnings are listed below: PV systems are environmentally friendly ( C emanation free ) Solar energy has, by far, the highest natural and proficient potencies even for today ‘s engineering PV warrants long-run, care free, quiet and dependable year-round operation It can be operated as a grid connected system [ 6 ] or as an off grid system, supplying electricity even in stray parts [ 5 ] [ 7 ] Of class, these systems are accompanied with a few reverses. Main disadvantages of the PV are listed below: Large country demand Electricity coevals is limited to daytime ( it can non run at dark ) The cost of electricity generated from a PV system is still non comparable with fossil fuels, which indicates a trust on strong governmental policies [ 8 ] PV systems are classified into three depending on the photoactive stuff used and the degree of commercial adulthood: first-generation solar cells ( Crystalline Silicon ( c-Si ) ) , second-generation solar cells ( Thin Film Solar Cells ( TFSC ) ) and 3rd coevals solar cells ( Concentrating PV ( CPV ) , organic PV and fresh constructs ) . In general, an overpowering per centum of solar cells are fabricated from Si. First coevals solar cells dominate the current PV market with a portion of over 80 % of the entire PV market [ 5 ] [ 9 ] . However, 2nd coevals solar cells ( TFSC ) promise the highest possible for low cost fabrication and dependable energy beginning [ 5 ] [ 10 ] . Besides that, c-Si deficit which begun in 2005 and lasted through 2008 forced the industry to look for options, therefore the market for Thin Film PV begun to turn quickly [ 9 ] . Advantages of TFSC over wafer based solar cells are listed below: As the thickness of the semiconducting material bed is much dilutant in TFSC compared to wafer based solar cells, the recombination losingss are much less The fabrication cost of TFSC is well lower than that of wafer based solar cells [ 10 ] TFSC provides us with wider choice of stuffs compared to wafer based solar cells [ 10 ] , therefore bespeaking flexibleness of TFSC compared to c-Si solar cells However, surveies indicate that even with all these advantages the laterality of the c-Si solar cells will still stay for the coming 10 to 20 old ages unless a sudden addition in TFSC efficiencies is achieved in the close hereafter [ 9 ] , [ 11 ] . Undoubtedly, low efficiencies along with debasement over clip ( decrease in power end product ) are considered as the most influential drawbacks in the development of TFSC [ 5 ] , [ 10 ] . Surveies have shown that the levelized cost of the electricity ( LCOE ) generated by PV systems are extremely dependent on PV faculty efficiency [ 12 ] , therefore increasing the efficiency of PV systems has become an active country of research. Amorphous Si ( a-Si ) is one of the widely used stuffs in TFSC [ 9 ] , [ 13 ] . However, a-Si solar cells suffer from low efficiencies [ 14 ] which can be attributed to its set spread non being close to the optimal value ( around 1.4 electron volt ) . Besides, the thickness of the photoactive stuff in TFPV is normally really low which has a effect of take downing its light soaking up capablenesss. Extensive work on PV cells has besides been carried out over the old ages with a focal point on new stuffs and cell constellations [ 15-17 ] . Driving efficiencies up and/or cut downing cost, by technology stuffs for optimal belongingss and constellations have been the chief purpose of such researches ( ref ) . For illustration, a well-known agencie s of bettering the efficiency of a-Si TFSC is to replace a-Si with a semiconducting material like Gallium arsenide ( GaAs ) or Indium phosphide ( InP ) that has a close optimal bandgap [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] , [ 15 ] . Another attack is to implement a multi-junction solar cell [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] , [ 18 ] . However, besides those options, it is besides possible to better efficiency by heightening the light pin downing possible inside the cell [ 19-23 ] . The latter option is the chief focal point for this research. [ 1 ] IEA, â€Å" World Energy Outlook 2012, † 2012. [ 2 ] EIA, â€Å" Annual Energy Outlook 2012, † 2012. [ 3 ] G. Doucet, â€Å" Deciding the Futureaˆ? : Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050, † 2007. [ 4 ] IEA PVPS, â€Å" Trends in photovoltaic applications, † Survey study of selected IEA states between 1992 and 2011, 2012. [ 5 ] IRENA, â€Å" Solar Photovoltaics, † Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series, vol. 1, no. 4, 2012. [ 6 ] M. a. Eltawil and Z. Zhao, â€Å" Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and possible problems-A reappraisal, † Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 112-129, Jan. 2010. [ 7 ] W. Hoffmann, â€Å" PV solar electricity industry: Market growing and position, † Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 90, no. 18-19, pp. 3285-3311, Nov. 2006. [ 8 ] N. Johnstone, I. Hascic, and D. Popp, â€Å" Renewable energy policies and technological invention: Evidence based on patent counts, † Environmental and Resource Economics, 2008. [ 9 ] A. Jager-Waldau, â€Å" Thin Film Photovoltaics: Markets and Industry, † International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2012, no. two, pp. 1-6, 2012. [ 10 ] S. Hegedus, â€Å" Thin movie solar faculties: the low cost, high throughput and various option to Si wafers, † aˆÂ ¦ in photovoltaics: research and applications, pp. 393-411, 2006. [ 11 ] R. Swanson, â€Å" A vision for crystalline Si photovoltaics, † aˆÂ ¦ in photovoltaics: Research and Applications, pp. 443-453, 2006. [ 12 ] X. Wang, L. Kurdgelashvili, J. Byrne, and A. Barnett, â€Å" The value of faculty efficiency in take downing the levelized cost of energy of photovoltaic systems, † Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4248-4254, Dec. 2011. [ 13 ] R. W. Miles, â€Å" Photovoltaic solar cells: Choice of stuffs and production methods, † Vacuum, vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 1090-1097, Aug. 2006. [ 14 ] M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, and E. D. Dunlop, â€Å" Solar cell efficiency tabular arraies ( version 40 ) , † no. version 40, pp. 606-614, 2012. [ 15 ] J. Peet, J. Y. Kim, N. E. Coates, W. L. Ma, D. Moses, a J. Heeger, and G. C. Bazan, â€Å" Efficiency sweetening in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by treating with methane series dithiols. , † Nature stuffs, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 497-500, Jul. 2007. [ 16 ] F. Report, â€Å" Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cell Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cell Final Report, † no. August, 2003. [ 17 ] I. Gur, N. A. Fromer, M. L. Geier, and A. P. Alivisatos, â€Å" from Solution, † vol. 310, no. October, pp. 462-465, 2005. [ 18 ] M. Bosi and C. Pelosi, â€Å" The Potential of III-V Semiconductors as Terrestrial Photovoltaic Devices, † no. June 2006, pp. 51-68, 2007. [ 19 ] D. Zhou and R. Biswas, â€Å" Photonic crystal enhanced light-trapping in thin movie solar cells, † Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 103, no. 9, p. 093102, 2008. [ 20 ] J.-Y. Chen, â€Å" Improvement of photovoltaic efficiency utilizing 3D photonic-crystal enhanced light caparison and soaking up, † Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 43-48, Oct. 2011. [ 21 ] M. Wellenzohn and R. Hainberger, â€Å" Light caparison by backside diffraction grates in Si solar cells revisited, † vol. 20, no. January, pp. 2208-2212, 2012. [ 22 ] S. B. Mallick, M. Agrawal, and P. Peumans, â€Å" Optimum visible radiation pin downing in ultra-thin photonic crystal crystalline Si solar cells, † vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 300-305, 2010. [ 23 ] X. Sheng, J. Liu, I. Kozinsky, A. M. Agarwal, J. Michel, and L. C. Kimerling, â€Å" Efficient light pin downing construction in thin movie Si solar cells, † 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp. 001575-001576, Jun. 2010.

Summary Of The Lesson Of Life - 767 Words

Timmy Ginn Dr. Byington CE Composition I 08 March, 2016 The Lesson of Life â€Å"The most important thing in life is to learn how to give out love, and to let it come in† (Albom, 46). Life is a crazy thing. We are all thrown into it, are forced to experience it. Life is what we make of it. Two very intelligent men at the end of their life tried to convey this point. These two men live on through their teachings in Tuesdays with Morrie and Pausch’s final lecture. In these teachings two men follow the same essential theme, getting everything out of life. Despite that, the execution the two men chose are quite different. The most obvious difference between the two is the way their lives were ending. Both of them were reaching the end, but on very different paths. Morrie died of ALS, an illness that causes the victim to slowly lose the use of their body, leading to paralysis. But Morrie also had asthma, meaning once the disease reached his lungs he was done for. â€Å"The lump in his form was so withered that I almost thought there was something missing. He was as small as a child† (Albom, 163). While on the other hand Pausch was in almost perfect health. He could do push ups and run around. He was fit and seemingly perfect. But he had tumors in his liver that couldn t be removed. This meant even though he was healthy, he only had a few months to live. In addition, the way they taught their points were quite different. Morrie always spoke about hard points, points that we often didn’tShow MoreRelatedWhy Greek Mythology Is Still Relevant Today And Why We Still Use It1588 Words   |  7 Pagespopular everyday items that we use in our life sometimes, are inspired by Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. This essay will explain about why Greek mythology is still relevant today and why we st ill use it. Literature Review- Summary #1 In â€Å"The Greek Gods† from The RomansRead MoreThe Importance Of Greek Mythology1605 Words   |  7 Pages A lot of popular everyday items that we use in our life sometimes, are inspired by Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. But how come people today are inspired by Greek mythology? Also, why is Greek mythology important to us if they were just myths? It was such a while agoRead MoreWhy Greek Mythology Is Still Relevant Today And Why We Still Use It1585 Words   |  7 Pagespopular everyday items that we use in our life sometimes, are inspired by Greek mythology. Sports brands, movies and T.V shows, the most complicated technology, books and many more, are all examples of Greek Mythology. If you take modern day items that we use and compare it to Greek mythology, believe it or not there is a big connection. This essay will explain about why Greek mythology is s till relevant today and why we still use it. Literature Review- Summary #1 In â€Å"The Greek Gods† from The RomansRead MoreEdu 695 Week 2 Assignment 21st Century Skills and Standards New599 Words   |  3 PagesEducation Student   (ISTE-S) standards and their relationship with quality instructional planning, delivery, and learner achievement. 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The D.A.R.E. program was found in 1983 by the â€Å"Los Angeles Police Department and Los Angeles Unified School District,† â€Å"a time when widespread drug use was devastating neighborhoods and overwhelming police departments,† and has grown immensely since its birth. (â€Å"A Summary and Synthesis of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"New D.A.R.E. Program Gets†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) According to â€Å"New D.A.R.E. Program Gets†¦,† theRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pages Semester A Unit 3 Lesson 3 Introduction and Objective Every text is written for a reason. Along with the purpose of the text comes the central idea, or what the text is about. Think about the different types of texts you have read in all your different classes. What was the idea behind some of them? Today s lesson objective is: Students will be able to determine the central idea of a text. Think about a text you have read recently. Was it a text on science or history? Maybe it was a narrativeRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pages Semester A Unit 3 Lesson 3 Introduction and Objective Every text is written for a reason. Along with the purpose of the text comes the central idea, or what the text is about. Think about the different types of texts you have read in all your different classes. What was the idea behind some of them? Today s lesson objective is: Students will be able to determine the central idea of a text. Think about a text you have read recently. Was it a text on science or history? Maybe it was a narrativeRead MoreLearning Needs And Abilities Assessment830 Words   |  4 Pagesvariety of challenges in the lesson planning process. One obvious challenge is that of time. While all teachers will need to spend precious time in lesson planning, newer teachers will probably need to make a significant investment in time because first, new teachers should make more detailed lesson plans, and second, inexperienced teachers will likely find the process to be more difficult due to lack of classroom practice. Another challenge is the need to keep the lessons learner centered through

Erik Eriksons Theory of Psychosocial Development - 929 Words

Psychoanalyst Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development explains how the human identity develops and evolves in eight stages from birth to death. Each one occurs in a predetermined order; the current stage builds upon the previous one and lays the groundwork for future stages (Wikimedia). Each stage has a specific â€Å"crisis† or conflict, a turning point in the individual’s life which must be reconciled before moving on to the next. If the conflict is handled well, the individual gains â€Å"ego strength† in the form of a corresponding virtue. If the conflict is handled poorly, the individual not only fails to develop that virtue, but his/her ability to complete later stages is hindered resulting in diminished â€Å"ego quality† or†¦show more content†¦I could see that I was spiraling into a deep depression, but I still cared enough to willingly relinquish the job that I had worked so hard to achieve, thus giving up on the bat tle of generativity vs. stagnation with neither a positive nor negative reconciliation. Rather than proceeding to the next stage, I was pushed back to intimacy vs. isolation, only this time I chose isolation. Even while surrounded by friends and family trying to console me, I had never felt more alone. I was surprised when their sympathy turned into impatience. When it took more than a few weeks for me to â€Å"get over it,† I was labeled a complainer. I quickly realized that no one truly understood what it was like to lose the one person in their life whom they are closest to. I became socially withdrawn, only speaking to a select few for fear of being an inconvenience. A few weeks later I was diagnosed with a rare neurological disability, further perpetuating my isolation. Somehow, I’ve convinced myself to pick up the pieces of my shattered life and move on because I know deep down that’s what Chad would have wanted me to do. It’s been over a year since the accident yet I still can’t imagine myself remarrying or even dating again. Unable to work, too young to be a widower, too hurt to start over; I’m trapped between the person society expects me to be and the person I have become. Writing this essay has helped me understand that before I canShow MoreRelated Erik Eriksons Theories of Psychosocial Development Regarding Aging and Development673 Words   |  3 PagesErik Erikson’s theories of development are among some of the best-known theories regarding aging and developing. Erikson divided the stages of life into eight categories: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. Each stage offers its unique age frame and focus. Trust vs. mistrust happens between birth and 18 months of age. During this time, babiesRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1359 Words   |  6 Pages Erik Erikson â€Å"There is in every child at every stage a new miracle of vigorous unfolding.† And no matter who you are and what you do, I believe that everyone will go through stages in their life. Erik Erikson was a famous psychologist in the twentieth – century, where he developed â€Å"Psychosocial stages†. Erikson’s theories centered on issues that were met on specific ages in someone’s life. Love, care, and tender is critical and many parents do not realize how much nurturing and caring for a childRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreEarly Childhood Psychosocial Development Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pages The development starts from infant until old age. Childhood is a time of tremendous change, but people also continue to grow slowly and develop during adulthood. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence. These developmental changes may be influenced by genetic factor, environment factor and maturation factor. There are three types of human development changes: physical development, cognitive development and psychosocial development. Our group member’s choice is psychosocial developmentRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreIndustry Vs Inferiority Or Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory And Self-Adolency1444 Words   |  6 Pagesmore complete in describing what it takes for the grade school child to devel op mastery and competence, Erik Erikson Industry versus inferiority or Albert Bandura social learning theory and self-efficacy. Industry vs inferiority is stage four of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Industry versus inferiority is the fourth stage of Erik Eriksons theory of psychosocial development. If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding (e.g., being athletic) thenRead MoreCompare and contrast the developmental life span theories742 Words   |  3 PagesUrie Bronfenbrenner perspective on lifespan development was the bio-ecological approach which suggest that five levels if the environment simultaneously influence indviduals. He tagged different aspects or levels of environment that influences a child’s development. Urie Bronfenbrenner five major systems are called microsystem; which is everyday immediate environment in which children lead their daily lives. Second is the mesosystem; which provides connections between the various aspects of the microsystemRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory Of Development1582 Words   |  7 Pag esErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Erik Erikson, a German psychologist of the early 1900s, is most known for his theory on psychosocial development in humans. He was heavily influenced by his work with Anna Freud and her father, Sigmund Freud. However, in his research, he put emphasis on the cultural and social impact on identity development and studying the ego, which he believed developed with successful crisis resolving throughout life (â€Å"Erikson’s Stages†, 2007). He proposed the

Is Integrity A Good Reputation - 1249 Words

Anyone who has been to first grade or a Sunday-school class knows that integrity is â€Å"doing the right thing when nobody else is watching.† It is a simple explanation for a supremely important and difficult to define concept. Integrity is not something that comes naturally to everyone, but it is one of the most valuable attributes that others can perceive in you. If you break the trust created by having integrity, just like a good reputation, it will take a long time to rebuild it to a serviceable level. The adage above is simple and easily understood, but it does not fully explain the concept of integrity. Let us look at a couple of case studies we discussed this semester and see if we are able to craft a better and more refined†¦show more content†¦In the interviews we watched with him he appeared calm and content with his situation. He knew he made a mistake and he owned up to it. It was a tragic error yes, and he knows that, but he also knew that it coul d have happened to anyone else in his place and he owned it. He ultimately lost his license to practice engineering and his firm suffered severe economic penalties, but he did not refuse to accept it. He owned his error and he earned my respect for it. Jumping forward quite a bit in the semester we come to the case of the BP oil spill and the fate of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig. The Deepwater Horizon drilling rig was exploring a potential oil well far out in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 when several problems occurred and the rig ultimately exploded, and the well at the ocean floor failed and began spilling millions of barrel of oil into the Gulf, causing large scale ecological and economical damage to the states on the Gulf. The BP oil spill was the result of â€Å"gross negligence† according to a federal judge and many warning signs went unseen or unacted upon. The drilling of underwater oil and gas wells is by no means an exact science, but BP and the contractors carrying out the work ignored several red flags and excused those they did not outright disregard. The two most implicating points, from an integrity point of view that is, are these: †¢ BP went back and changed some initial design

Management Fundamentals

Question: Discuss about the importance of team management in international management. Answer: Part 1 Team work is very important for a business. In the case of international business, interaction within the employees is very important as it is the pillar of efficient teamwork. Efficient teamwork is the key to organizational success in global business (Turner 2012). In this paper the team management would be discussed which is required for managing team in an international project. In this context, some management theories would be discussed here which are important for managing international and diverse team. In addition, the reason for which these theories are important in international management would also be discussed here. In this paper, the Maslows hierarchy of needs theory would be discussed along with the necessity of the managers to know about this theory. In an international team, there are different kinds of team members with different culture, beliefs, values and perception. Therefore, the leader or manager should motivate the team mates to work in a group. This theory was established by Abraham Maslow in 1943 (Boussebaa et al. 2012). This theory highlights the basic needs of the employees for being motivated and work as a team. The needs have been arranged in a form of hierarchy. At the base of the hierarchy, there are the basic physiological needs, then the safety needs, love and belonging or social needs, self esteem, self actualization. It has been revealed that in an international team, there can be team members from various age group and their perceptions and values would not be similar (Sung and Choi 2012). Thus, this theory states that the manager or team leader should give the team memb ers to grow from the beginning level to understand how to adjust with other team members to work successfully in a team. Here, providing the basic psychological needs is the primary responsibility of the team leader which would encourage the employees to reach the next level (Deresky and Christopher 2011). In the next level, the employees would be provided with safety needs. In this stage, the team leaders would help to achieve team work skills and would provide the safety needs. Once the team members feel safe, they would be encouraged to participate in the teamwork with more efficiency. It would also help to reduce the level of internal tea, conflicts within the team members. In the next stage, they would be provided with social support, needs related to love and belonging (Bhabha 2012). The team leader would attempt to build a positive and trustworthy relationship with the team member who would allow the employees to share their values and beliefs with the team leader and others team member, it would help to build the team strength and reduce the onset of team conflicts. In the next step, the self esteem of the team mates would be enhanced through proper guidance (Christopher 2012). One of the important aspects in international team management is managing change implementation. It i s because, some people might resist change and others may support the change. Thus, through effective mentoring, their self-esteem could be enhanced and with enhanced self-confidence, the team mates would have more confidence to accept change in the organizational context (Cascio 2012). Finally, to work in a diverse team, the self actualization is very important which is at the top of this hierarchical theory. Motivation would lead to this step, when people would be able to explore their internal strength and competencies, therefore, they would be able to manage the internal conflicts (Lientz and Rea 2012). Mary Parker Follett was a social worker as well as political theorist who was known as the pioneer of management theories. In her organizational theory, she pioneered the understanding of lateral processes in a hierarchical firm (Well et al. 2012). She discussed the importance of informal processes in the organization and promoted the perspective of authority of expertise. In her management theory, she advocated the pull approach in spite of a push approach to the employees. She showed the difference between power over and power with (Berry and Bell 2012). While discussing about her management theory, she depicted the insightful perspectives on negotiation, power sharing and conflict resolution for shaping the modern management theories (Motohashi 2012). The Mary Parker Follett Theory of Management is marked by some principles which are as follows: The conflict resolution via integration usually results in a win-win position. Here integration is referred to the identification and achievement of compatible needs of each respective party, as opposed to attempt to achieve the frequent-incompatible expressed desire of each party. In the sub-theory, Mary Parker Follett leadership theory, the genuine power is highlighted as coactive in spite being coercive. According the Folletts theory, true leaders establish group power, in spite of expressing or exploiting personal power. While implementing Mary Parker Folletts theory in managing an international team, there are various types of online tools available which would help to gain more in-depth awareness about this theory and related principles, based on which the internal steps could be taken (Lemaire et al. 2012). The leadership theory depicts the importance of group dynamics and the features required in a group. According to this theory, the approach of power with would be applied in the group in spite of power over. IT would help the employees to explore and share their power in management functions done by the group (Daly et al. 2012). In addition, while implementing the Mary Parker Folletts theory for conflict resolution, integrating employees needs in the conflict situation would lead to a win-win situation (Jormanainen and Koveshnikov 2012). According to this theory, the power sharing of the team members along with the leader would help the team to perform in a systematic manner which would help to gain success more rapidly and the perception, authority of expertise would be followed as a result of power sharing which would help the team members to identify their area of expertise which would be explored at the right time and right place for improving the teams performance (Menz 2012). Part 2 Managing an international team is quite difficult, as here we need to manage different types of people, who have diverse cultural and social background. Thus, the cross cultural conflicts may arise. While managing the team, the team leader should motivate them. Two most sensitive areas in a team which are the common concern of team leaders or managers are managing communication and cultural diversity within the team mates. In a cross cultural or international team, as a manager, we should interact with the team members through the provision of a supportive environment. While working as a leader of a team, I have dealt with people from different age group, someone from 25 years age and someone from 45 years old age group. In this context, I have seen that difficult behavior of one team met can affect the productivity of the entire group. One of the major issues which I have faced was the inappropriate communication within the team mates. The 25 years old young team mate did not suppor t the ideas provided by the 45 years old middle age woman. In addition, the 25 years old young man was so arrogant and used to be his own boss in spite of interacting with others. The other team members also reported to me about his inadequate behavior. In this context, I used my problem solving skills and arranged a face to face meeting with them individually. While talking with the individual, I allowed him to tell and listen to his problem with positive facial expression. He highlighted that he is not comfortable with others from different age group as they have different types of thinking. I attempted to politely make him understand that why he needs to cooperate with team mate from other age group. Then assured him that with his positive response in the team, he would be rewarded. It promoted him to enhance his interaction with others, once he started to interact with others, it became easier for him to work with his team mates and I assessed that it also enhanced our teams productivity significantly. Another difficult area to manage the team was the cultural diversity of a team. I have worked with a Japanese man who was 35 years old. 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